TechniFul

Don't want to spend time reading? Have a look at the videos here

You can find a detailed guide, which keeps on updating in this thread.

This guide is for the one who have little experience with Android. Also covers some good advanced topics.

Meld is a visual diff and merge tool targeted at developers. Meld helps you compare files, directories, and version controlled projects. It provides two- and three-way comparison of both files and directories, and has support for many popular version control systems.

Meld helps you review code changes and understand patches. It might even help you to figure out what is going on in that merge you keep avoiding.

Features

Two- and three-way comparison between files and directories

Comparisons update as you type

Visualisations make it easier to compare your files

Actions on diff chunks make for easier merges

Supports Git, Bazaar, Mercurial, Subversion, etc.

File comparison

Edit files in-place, and your comparison updates on-the-fly

Perform two- and three-way diffs and merges

Easily navigate between differences and conflicts

Visualise global and local differences with insertions, changes and conflicts marked

Use the built-in regex text filtering to ignore uninteresting differences

Syntax highlighting (with optional gtksourceview)

Directory comparison

Compare two or three directories file-by-file, showing new, missing, and altered files

Directly open file comparisons of any conflicting or differing files

Filter out files or directories to avoid seeing spurious differences

Simple file management is also available

Version control

Meld supports many version control systems, including Git, Mercurial, Bazaar and SVN

Launch file comparisons to check what changes were made, before you commit

View file versioning statuses

Simple version control actions are also available (i.e., commit/update/add/remove/delete files)

Getting it

Meld is packaged for just about every Linux and Unix distribution, including Fedora, Ubuntu, and Suse. You should get Meld from your distribution's installer unless you want the absolute latest version. Also available on Ubuntu Software Center.

Meld does work on OS X and Windows, but there are no all-in-one packages for those systems available at the moment. On OS X, Meld is available from MacPorts or Fink. There are some notes available on how to get Meld running on Windows.

Note: This information is from the official website of MELD

Download the raw file from here.

How to use:

1 - Copy the .raw file to an USB stick using SUSE Studio Image Writer.

If you have error during copy, eject and re-connect the pen drive. When Windows asks if you want to format it, cancel and run Image Writer again.

If the problem persists, disable your anti-virus software, it may be blocking raw write to the drive.

Another Image Writer for Windows, if SUSE doesn't work
https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer/+download

2 - Boot the USB drive and install.

If you need, type boot options, for example:
-v (verbose boot) [default]
-x (safe)
-s (single user)
GraphicsEnabler=yes (enable graphics card drivers) [default]
USBBusFix=yes (fix problems with USB devices)
npci=0x2000 (use if boot stops at "PCI configuration begin")
cpus=1

If you need, use TransMac to remove kexts which are causing problems (System/Library/Extensions) and use the flag -f (ignore caches) at boot, or remove /System/Library/Caches/com.apple.kext.caches/Startup/Extensions.mkext

If you get KP related to ApplePolicyControl.kext remove /System/Library/Extensions/AppleGraphicsControl.kext/Contents/PlugIns/ApplePolicyControl.kext

If boot stops right before reaching the installer, or graphics aren't working right, remove video kexts and boot with GraphicsEnabler=No -f

ATI = ATI*
Intel = AppleIntelHD* AppleIntelSNB*
nVidia = GeForce* NVDA*

You need at least one free partition, use Disk Utility (in the Utilities menu) to erase it as Mac Os Extended (Journaled).

If you want to install Chameleon (the boot loader) in this partition and you use MBR (not GUID, like if you already have Windows in the HD), it must be a primary (not extended/logical) partition.

Wait for the installation to finish and restart.

3 - Boot the USB drive, then choose to boot the HD you just installed OS X (not the installer USB again).

4 - Install Chameleon and the Extra folder to the HD.

I recommend using Chameleon Wizard to install and create/configure org.chameleon.Boot.plist and SMBIOS.plist in /Extra folder.
http://www.insanelymac.com/forum/index. ... pic=257464

5 - Install essential and other kexts you may need (network, audio, etc).

FakeSMC.kext is always needed.
http://www.mediafire.com/?lgxtj47kk47cn9k

While you don't have power management fixed, you will probably need NullCPUPowerManagement.kext.
http://www.mediafire.com/?uwvnvztwtna

If you use PS/2 keyboard or a laptop you will need VoodooPS2Controller.kext (or ApplePS2Controller.kext) and AppleACPIPS2Nub.kext.
http://www.mediafire.com/?jw9zk6i2d4m2vvd

I recommend using Kext Wizard to install kexts.
http://www.insanelymac.com/forum/index. ... pic=253395

The boot: prompt waits for you to type advanced startup options.
If you don't type anything, the computer continues starting up normally. It
uses the kernel and configuration files on the startup device, which it also
uses as the root device.

Advanced startup options use the following syntax:

[device]<kernel> [arguments]

Example arguments include

device: rd=<BSD device name>       (e.g. rd=disk0s2)
rd=*<IODeviceTree path>    (e.g. rd=*/PCI0@0/CHN0@0/@0:1)

kernel: kernel name                (e.g. "mach_kernel" - must be in "/" )

flags: -v (verbose)                -s (single user mode)
-x (safe mode)              -f (ignore caches)
-F (ignore "Kernel Flags" specified in boot configuration file)

"Graphics Mode"="WIDTHxHEIGHTxDEPTH" (e.g. "1024x768x32")

kernel flags                       (e.g. debug=0x144)
io=0xffffffff                      (defined in IOKit/IOKitDebug.h)

Example: mach_kernel rd=disk0s1 -v "Graphics Mode"="1920x1200x32"

If the computer won't start up properly, you may be able to start it up
using safe mode. Type -x to start up in safe mode, which ignores all
cached driver files.

Special booter hotkeys:
F5            Rescans optical drive.
F10           Scans and displays all BIOS accessible drives.

Special booter commands:
?memory       Displays information about the computer's memory.
?video        Displays VESA video modes supported by the computer's BIOS.
?norescan     Leaves optical drive rescan mode.

Additional useful command-line options:
config=<file>             Use an alternate Boot.plist file.

Options useful in the org.chameleon.Boot.plist file:
Wait=Yes|No             Prompt for a key press before starting the kernel.
"Quiet Boot"=Yes|No     Use quiet boot mode (no messages or prompt).
Timeout=8               Number of seconds to pause at the boot: prompt.
"Instant Menu"=Yes      Force displaying the partition selection menu.

"Default Partition"     Sets the default boot partition,
=hd(x,y)|UUID|"Label"    Specified as a disk/partition pair, an UUID, or a
label enclosed in quotes.

"Hide Partition"        Remove unwanted partition(s) from the boot menu.
=partition               Specified, possibly multiple times, as hd(x,y), an
[;partition2 ...]       UUID or label enclosed in quotes.

"Rename Partition"      Rename partition(s) for the boot menu.
=partition <alias>       Where partition is hd(x,y), UUID or label enclosed
[;partition2 <alias2>   in quotes. The alias can optionally be quoted too.
...]

GUI=No                  Disable the GUI (enabled by default).
"Boot Banner"=Yes|No    Show boot banner in GUI mode (enabled by default).
ShowInfo=No             Disables display of partition and resolution details.
"Boot Banner"=No will also disable this info.
"Legacy Logo"=Yes|No    Use the legacy grey apple logo (disabled by default).

PciRoot=<value>         Use an alternate value for PciRoot (default value 0).

UseKernelCache=Yes|No   Yes will load pre-linked kernel and will ignore /E/E
and /S/L/E/Extensions.mkext.
Default is No but Yes if you use Lion on a Raid partition.

KeyLayout=keymap        Use to change the keyboard mapping of the bootloader
(e.g. KeyLayout=mac-fr)

GraphicsEnabler=Yes|No Automatic device-properties generation for gfx cards.
AtiConfig=<cardcfg>   Use a different card config, e.g. AtiConfig=Megalodon.
AtiPorts=<value>      Specify the number of ports, e.g. AtiPorts=2.
UseAtiROM=Yes|No      Use an alternate Ati ROM image
(path: /Extra/<vendorid>_<devid>_<subsysid>.rom)
UseNvidiaROM=Yes|No   Use an alternate Nvidia ROM image
(path: /Extra/<vendorid>_<devid>.rom)
VBIOS=Yes|No          Inject NVIDIA VBIOS into device-properties.
display_0=<value>     Inject alternate value of display-cfg into NVDA,Display-A@0 (HEX).
display_1=<value>     Inject alternate value of display-cfg into NVDA,Display-B@1 (HEX).
EnableHDMIAudio=Yes      Inject HDMI audio for NVIDIA

EthernetBuiltIn=Yes|No Automatic "built-in"=yes device-properties generation
for ethernet interfaces.

USBBusFix=Yes           Enable all USB fixes below:
EHCIacquire=Yes         Enable the EHCI fix (disabled by default).
UHCIreset=Yes           Enable the UHCI fix (disabled by default).
USBLegacyOff=Yes        Enable the USB Legacy fix (disabled by default).

ForceHPET=Yes|No        Force Enable HPET.

Wake=No                 Disable wake up after hibernation (default: enabled).
ForceWake=Yes           Force using the sleepimage (disabled by default).
WakeImage=<file>        Use an alternate sleepimage file.
(default path is /private/var/vm/sleepimage).

DropSSDT=Yes            Skip the SSDT tables while relocating the ACPI tables.
DSDT=<file>             Use an alternate DSDT.aml file
(default paths:
/DSDT.aml /Extra/DSDT.aml bt(0,0)/Extra/DSDT.aml).

GenerateCStates=Yes     Enable auto generation of processor idle sleep states
(C-States).
GeneratePStates=Yes     Enable auto generation of processor power performance
states (P-States).
CSTUsingSystemIO=Yes    New C-State _CST generation method using SystemIO
registers instead of FixedHW.

EnableC2State=Yes       Enable specific Processor power state, C2.
EnableC3State=Yes       Enable specific Processor power state, C3.
EnableC4State=Yes       Enable specific Processor power state, C4.

SMBIOS=<file>           Use an alternate SMBIOS.plist file
(default paths:
/Extra/SMBIOS.plist bt(0,0)/Extra/SMBIOS.plist).

SMBIOSdefaults=No       Don't use the Default values for SMBIOS overriding if
smbios.plist doesn't exist, factory values are kept.

"Scan Single Drive"     Scan the drive only where the booter got loaded from.
=Yes|No               Fix rescan pbs when using a DVD reader in AHCI mode.
Rescan=Yes              Enable CD-ROM rescan mode.
"Rescan Prompt"=Yes     Prompts for enable CD-ROM rescan mode.
SystemId=<UUID>         Set manually the system id UUID,
SMUUID in smbios config (reserved field) isn't used.
SystemType=<n>          Set the system type where n is between 0..6
(default =1 (Desktop)
md0=<file>              Load raw img file into memory for use as XNU's md0
ramdisk. /Extra/Postboot.img is used otherwise.

Getting Started

Things you need:
- Lion USB prepared with UniBeast (see tonymacx86.com)
- Win7 install media (preferably USB stick with Win7 SP1)
- Win8 install media (USB stick)
- Ubuntu 12.04LTS (USB stick) (see ubuntu.com)
- A blank HDD or SSD ready as install target

Section A (plan your partition scheme)

When setting up a multi-boot system involving Windows it is important to realize you will need to create what is known as a hybrid MBR/GPT partition scheme. It is necessary to place all partitions intended to be accessed by Windows such that they are in sync’d MBR table. This means they should be placed first. For this guide, I will be setting up the following partitions on a 320GB hard drive:

EFI: 200MB, created by Mac OS X Disk Utility when partitioning
Win7: ~60GB, NTFS
Win8: ~60GB, NTFS
Transfer: ~60GB, exFAT (could use FAT32 as well)
Lion:~60GB, Mac OS X Extended (journaled)
Linux-Swap: 8GB (my computer has 8GB memory)
Linux: a bit less than 60GB (amount left), ext4

As a result, the Win7, Win8, and Transfer partitions are accessible to MBR based Windows. Lion and Linux can access all of the partitions. The Transfer partition can be used to move data between systems.

Section B (create initial partition scheme)

Boot from the Lion USB key.
Go into Disk Utility
Select Partition tab
Select to repartition as GPT the entire drive. In my case, I use 5 partitions here (this will give you 5 equal sized partitions, if you want something different, you can do that). Label, and set the file system type as follows:
Win7, FAT32
Win8, FAT32
Transfer, exFAT
Lion, Mac OS X Journaled
Linux, FAT32
Apply your changes, and Quit Disk Utility
Shutdown your computer
Remove Lion USB key.
Insert the Ubuntu USB key, turn on computer and boot from Ubuntu USB
Connect to wireless if necessary (if you don’t have the ethernet cable plugged in)
Open the Ubuntu Software Center application
Go to the Edit menu, and select “Software Sources…”
Check the box for “universe”, then click Close
Run Terminal (easiest way is Ctrl+Alt+T)
Run the following commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gptsync
Copy gptsync to your Linux USB for later use (that way if you have to run it again, you don’t have to reinstall using apt-get above):
sudo cp /sbin/gptsync /cdrom/gptsync
Now run gparted (go to Ubuntu Home and type gparted, then click on it)
gparted will scan your drives and display the first one
If you have multiple drives in your system, make sure the target drive is displayed (for this guide I have one HDD known under Linux as /dev/sda)
The last partition in the list should be the Linux/FAT32 partition… Delete that partition
Create a new partition (select the unallocated space, then select Partition –> New from the menu)
Make the size 8192 (smaller or larger depending on how much RAM you have)
Set the file system type to ‘Linux-Swap’, and set the Label to ‘Linux-Swap’
Now create another new partition, this time use all remaining space, and set the file system type to ‘ext4′ and Label to ‘Ubuntu’
Select the Win7/FAT32 partition, and Format it as NTFS
Select the Win8/FAT32 partition, and Format it as NTFS
Apply the changes
Select the first NTFS partition (the one that was Win7/FAT32) and label it Win7
Select the second NTFS partition (the one that was Win8/FAT32) and label it Win8
Apply the changes… You should now have a complete partition setup that matches our plan in Section A
Now go back to the Terminal window that you launched earlier, and type the following:
sudo /cdrom/gptsync /dev/sda
(note: /dev/sda is the target drive)
Shutdown the computer, and remove the Ubuntu USB key

Section C (Install Windows 7)

Insert your Windows 7 USB key, and boot from it (alternatively, use your Win7 DVD)
Choose your language, click Install Now, accept the license then choose ‘Custom’
You should be able to select the Win7/NTFS partition and click Next. If you can’t, format that partition (Drive Options within the Windows 7 installer). If you still can’t install to that partition after formatting, close the Windows 7 Installer, and restart the computer, restarting the Windows 7 installer.
Proceed to completely install Windows 7
At the end of the Install sequence you now have Windows 7 installed with the Windows 7 boot loader
Shutdown the computer, and remove the Windows 7 USB key

Section D (Install Windows 8)

Insert your Windows 8 USB key, and boot from it
Choose your language, then choose ‘Custom’
You should be able to select the Win8/NTFS partition and click Next
Proceed to completely install Windows 8
At the end of the Install sequence you now have Windows 7 and Windows 8 installed using the Windows 8 boot loader (dual boot Win7/Win8 — this will cause trouble when we go to use the Chimera boot loader, but we’ll fix it later)
Shutdown the computer, and remove the Win8 USB key

Section E (Install Lion)

Insert your UniBeast prepared Lion install USB key, and boot from it.
Choose your language
If you proceed to the target selection page, you will probably notice that it won’t allow you to install to the Lion partition created earlier (I’m not sure why, but we fix that in the next step)
Run ‘Disk Utility’ (again).
Choose the ‘Lion’ partition on the left, then ‘Erase’ tab on the right.
Erase (format) it as Mac OS X Extended (journaled)
Quit Disk Utility
You can now select ‘Lion’ as the target partition for Mac OS X install.
Do that and run through the install like normal.
After install, do any post-install stuff you need to do (in my case running HP ProBook Installer v4 to install, among other things, Chimera boot loader)
Shutdown the computer, and remove the Lion USB key.
You should be able to boot from the hard disk now and see the Chimera boot loader (or whatever boot loader you’re using)

Section F (Cleanup Windows BCD bootmgr)

First of all, if you are only installing one Windows operating system (just Windows 7 or just Windows 8), you can skip this section. Otherwise, read on.

Now that you have Chimera installed, you can use it exclusively to boot between Windows 7 (although it is cumbersome), Windows 8, and Lion. For now, if you attempt to boot the Win8 partition using Chimera, it will not work, but if you boot Win7 partition using Chimera, you will get the Windows 8 boot menu and you’ll be able to boot either Win7 or Win8 (Chimera is loading the Windows 8 boot loader). The goal of this section is to fix that so, you can boot directly into the Win7 and Win8 partitions.

Basically what is going on here is that Windows 8 installed the Windows 8 boot loader into the Win7 partition and set up a dual boot between Win7/Win8. There is no Windows boot loader on the Win8 partition.

Here’s how we fix this mess:

Using Chimera, boot the Win7 partition
You will now see the Windows 8 boot loader with selections for Windows 7 and Windows 8
Choose to boot Windows 8 (Note: If you instead select Windows 7, the Windows 8 boot loader will reboot the computer, you will see the Chimera screen again, and should you select the Win7 partition from there, you will then boot directly to Windows 7)
Once in Windows 8, go to the Desktop, then right click on the bottom-left corner of the screen, from the menu, choose “Command (Admin)”
OK the UAC prompt
You are now in the Windows 8 command line
Some explanation might be handy here if your drive configuration is different than mine. In my case there is only one HDD, so at this point in Windows 8, the C: drive is the Win8 partition and the D: drive is the Win7 partition. We need to copy the necessary files for boot from the Win7 partition to the Win8 partition, as the Win8 partition doesn’t have a complete boot loader. To do this we execute the following commands:
robocopy d:Boot c:Boot /mir /xf bcd.*
bcdedit /export c:BootBCD
Now we have a copy of the necessary boot files on both the Win7 and Win8 partitions, which will allow us to boot either one from Chimera. Next we have to make it such that each boot menu contains only Windows 7 or Windows 8, and make it such that the boot menu does not appear. To do so, you need to follow these instructions carefully. First of all let’s fix up the Windows 8 boot menu.
First you need to determine the identifier used for the Windows 7 entry in the boot loader. Run the following:
bcdedit /store c:BootBCD
This displays information about the BCD menu on the Win8 partition. You want to look for the second “Windows Boot Loader” entry where it says “identifier”. That is the entry you want to delete.
In my case the identifier is {408f7757-c9e3-11e0-8a2d-b7f526558aef}, so the command required is:
bcdedit /store c:BootBCD /delete {408f7757-c9e3-11e0-8a2d-b7f526558aef} /cleanup
We also need to fix up the {bootmgr} device entry:
bcdedit /store c:BootBCD /set {bootmgr} device partition=C:
After that, you are done with the boot loader on the Win8 partition. To check your results, type:
bcdedit /store c:BootBCD
Now you have to fix up the Win7 boot entries, such that they do not include Windows 8. First determine which entry must be deleted:
bcdedit /store d:BootBCD
It will probably look exactly like the one above before we changed it. The Windows 8 identifier should be {default}, so to delete it, we use:
bcdedit /store d:BootBCD /delete {default} /cleanup
Now we need to make it such that the menu doesn’t display in either case:
bcdedit /store c:BootBCD /set {bootmgr} displaybootmenu no
bcdedit /store d:BootBCD /set {bootmgr} displaybootmenu no
At that point, we should be done. You can display your work and double-check it with:
bcdedit /store c:BootBCD
bcdedit /store d:BootBCD
Each boot menu should have only one boot menu entry, and they should be pointing to the appropriate partition… Win8 to C:, and Win7 to D:
Restart the computer and try booting into each Win7 and Win8 partitions from Chimera. It should work with no intervening Windows boot loader menu now.

Section G (Cleanup the Chimera menu)

When you boot your computer, you will notice that the Chimera boot loader picks up on the Transfer/exFAT partition and shows ‘GPT unknown’. It would be nice to eliminate this from the menu.

To do so, use Chimera to boot into Lion
Once there, bring up a Terminal to determine which partition the exFAT partition is by typing: diskutil list
Look under the IDENTIFIER column. If you are following this guide exactly, the Transfer partition will be ‘disk0s4′
Now use TextEdit to edit your /Extra/org.chameleon.Boot.plist
Find or add the <Key>Hide Partition</key> section
In the line below it, change or add the line to read:
string>hd(0,4)</string>
That should hide the partition 4 on disk 0.
Save the file.
Restart to test, then Shutdown the computer.

Section H (Install Ubuntu)

Turn on the computer and boot using the Ubuntu install USB
Choose the first option, “Run Ubuntu” (do not choose the installer directly)
After you arrive at the Ubuntu desktop, if you’re not connected to the internet, you may want to take this opportunity to do that (via the menu bar at the top of the screen)
After that, choose the second icon down (run the Ubuntu installer)
Answer the various questions about language, then Continue
Eventually, you’ll come to a screen that asks about “Installation Type”. Choose “Something Else” from this screen. This gives you greater control over where Ubuntu installs. Then click Continue.
It will now scan disks.
Look in the resulting list for the partition made earlier of ‘ext4′ type. In my case, it is /dev/sda7. Select it and click ‘Change’
Change the ‘Use as’ to ‘Ext4 journaling file system’
Change the ‘Mount point’ to ‘/’ (no quotes), click the checkbox to Format, then click OK.
Find the swap partition created earlier. In my case it is /dev/sda6. Select it and click ‘Change’. Verify that it is using it as ‘swap area’ (should already be setup that way). Click OK.
IMPORTANT! You will want to pay special attention to the ‘Device for boot loader installation’. Change it to the same ext4 partition we used in steps 9 & 10. This will cause grub2 to be installed on the Ubuntu partition and won’t interfere with the Chimera boot loader already installed. Again, in my case, it is /dev/sda7.
You are now ready to install Ubuntu, so click ‘Install Now’, ignore the warning about the boot loader installation and Continue.
While it is copying files, you can answer the other questions about Location, Keyboard layout, account, etc.
Skip the part about importing accounts from Windows (ie. no checkbox)
After Ubuntu installs is a good time to check to be sure the hybrid partition scheme is still intact, so don’t restart right when it asks you to. Instead, bring up a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and type: sudo /cdrom/gptsync /dev/sda
(of course, substituting /dev/sda with the real path of your HDD in case it is not /dev/sda)
Answer Y, if it proposes changes.
Now you are ready to restart and test. You should now be able to boot Windows 7, Windows 8, Mac OS X Lion, and Ubuntu from the Chimera menu. You will notice that you see the grub menu in the case of booting Linux, but we can fix that in the next section.

Section I (Cleanup/Disable GRUB2 menu)

Boot into Ubuntu
Type the following:
gksu gedit /etc/default/grub
In the editor, uncomment the GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0, and make GRUB_TIMEOUT=0, then save the file
Back in the terminal, type:
sudo update-grub
Restart and test. At this point, if you select Ubuntu from the Chimera boot loader, it should go directly there and you won’t see the GRUB2 menu (if you want it, supposedly you hold down shift while booting… side note: it didn’t work for me).

Section J (Install support for exFAT in Ubuntu)

In order to use the Transfer partition from Ubuntu, you need to install exFAT support as it doesn’t support it natively. I used exFAT because it is a little more capable that FAT32 (particularly in support for files larger than 4GB)… if you decided to just use FAT32, you can skip this section.

Boot into Ubuntu, then run Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T)
First we need to install exfat support using apt-get:
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:relan/exfat
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fuse-exfat
Now you can mount the Transfer (on /dev/sda4 in Linux) partition with:
sudo mkdir /mnt/transfer
sudo mount -t exfat /dev/sda4 /mnt/transfer
And you can make it mount automatically, by editing fstab:
gksu gedit /etc/fstab
Once in the editor, add the following line to the bottom:
/dev/sda4 /mnt/transfer exfat defaults 0 0
Save, then to mount and check after that edit:
sudo mount -a

Section K (Disable Fast Startup for Windows 8)

It appears that the new Hybrid Hibernate/Fast Startup feature new in Windows 8 does not work with this Chimera boot scheme. I would suggest you disable it:

Boot to Windows 8
Go to the Windows 8 Desktop
Right click at bottom left corner of screen, and choose Control Panel
Search for ‘Power Options’
Choose ‘Change what the power buttons do’
Choose ‘Change settings currently unavailable’
Scroll down to Shutdown settings
Untick “Turn on fast startup (recommended)”
Now shutdown from Windows 8 will now work correctly.

Conclusion

If you made it this far, you may be deciding to give it a try. And if you do, please leave feedback as a comment. And if you find an error, let me know and I’ll try to fix it. Good luck!

Source: Guide to Installing Windows 7, Windows 8, Mac OS X Lion, and Ubuntu Multi-Boot.

The singleton design pattern is probably the simplest and most common pattern in JavaScript.

So why should you use the singleton pattern?

Encapsulation of members & functions

Creates its own Namespace

A singleton is a single instance object

Encourages code reuse

Improves readability because you can logically organise your code

The point of a singleton is to only have one instance. A shopping cart is a good example of something that you may want only a single instance of at one time.

The simplest form of Singleton is an object literal. This loose form of Singleton cannot be instantiated. All of the members are now accessible through the Singleton variable, accessible through dot notation.

varmyCart = {
   self: this,

   totalCost: 0,

   totalQty: 0,

   cart: {},

   getCart: function(){ },

   updateCart: function(){ }

};

alert( "Total cost: $"+ myCart.totalCost );

By using closures, we can create Private and Public Members and Functions. This pattern is more commonly called the Module Pattern.

var myCart = function(){
    // Private

    var self = this;

    var totalCost = 0;

    var totalQty = 0;

    var cart = {};

    return {

        // Public

        getCart: function(){ },

        updateCart: function(){ }

    };

}();

Persistent Client-Side Key-Value Pairs

The localStorage object has four primary method:

localStorage.clear()

localStorage.getItem( key )

localStorage.removeItem( key )

localStorage.setItem( key, value )

When dealing with the localStorage object, it is important to remember that, like cookies, you are dealing with string values. Both the key and the value arguments must be strings. And, while the browser might not throw an error if you pass-in non-string values, you'll quickly find that it is simply calling the toString() method implicitly.

Run the following sample code and check the console:

<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
console.log("tim in localStorage —",("tim" in localStorage));
console.log("localStorage.getItem( tim ) —",localStorage.getItem( "tim" ));
localStorage.setItem( "tim", "nice" );
localStorage[ "bad" ] = "awesome";
console.log("tim in localStorage —",("tim" in localStorage));
console.log("localStorage.getItem( ‘bad’ ) —",localStorage.getItem( "bad" ));
var myObject = {};
localStorage.setItem( "myObject", myObject );
console.log("typeof( myObject ) —",typeof( localStorage.getItem( "myObject" )));
localStorage.removeItem( "tim" );
delete localStorage[ "bad" ];
console.log("tim in localStorage —",("tim" in localStorage));
console.log("bad in localStorage —",("bad" in localStorage));
var clientId;
var id = localStorage.getItem(clientId);
if (!id) {
id = Math.floor(Math.random()*10000);
localStorage[clientId] = id;
}
var x = "new";
localStorage[x] = "killer";
console.log(localStorage.getItem(x));
</script>
</head>
<body></body>
</html>